RSS Feed: The Official Google Blog

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RSS Feed: The Tom Peters Weblog

The Tom Peters Weblog

  • Cool Friend: Guy Kawasaki
    Today, Guy Kawasaki joins our group of Cool Friends. He's been an evangelist for Apple, an entrepreneur who's the co-founder...
    posted on November 19, 2008 05:28:00 pm

  • 2008 Marti Awards
    One of our favorite Cool Friends, Marti Barletta, is hosting a survey on her website, TrendSight (the survey's in the...
    posted on November 19, 2008 04:26:00 pm

  • Event: Leaders in Dubai
    Tom is speaking to the Leaders in Dubai Business Forum 2008. He's on the program along with fomer World Bank...
    posted on November 17, 2008 08:11:00 am

  • Event: Riyadh
    Tom's trip continues in Riyadh, where he is appearing for IIR, a global company providing knowledge and skills transfer. You...
    posted on November 15, 2008 05:51:00 pm

  • The Talent 57
    Herewith a major PPT. It has more, and more intense, annotation than anything I have done to date—over 100 annotation...
    posted on November 13, 2008 12:55:00 pm

  • Leadership Farming
    In the last week or so, I came across an old Rolling Stone article (28 June 2007) about The Police—the...
    posted on November 12, 2008 04:03:00 pm

  • Veterans Day Observance
    Since Tom is on the road en route from somewhere to somewhere else, I'm posting a Veterans Day message for...
    posted on November 11, 2008 11:00:00 am

  • Event: Kuwait
    Tom's far afield once again, speaking to the Human Resources Professionals Leadership Forum in Kuwait. Please join our comments if...
    posted on November 10, 2008 08:25:00 am

  • I Never Thought ...
    As a southern boy, born 66 years ago the day after tomorrow in a very segregated Annapolis MD, I never...
    posted on November 05, 2008 06:47:00 am

  • "Welcome" Back!
    Election is done. (As I write this I don't know the result—and it's irrelevant to this Post.) Time to get...
    posted on November 05, 2008 06:20:00 am

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RSS Feed: James Gosling: on the Java Road

James Gosling: on the Java Road

  • Fault Containment: an unsung hero
    As I suffered through the nth application crash of the day, I couldn't help thinking of my favorite underappreciated Java feature: fault containment. Between try{}catch and the tight memory model, failures tend to happen close to where the error is, and they can be caught with a very good chance that there has been no corruption of neighbouring data structures. So if you're using some sort of editor and one of the commands has a bug in it, if it's written in Java you usually get a little pop-up box that says something like "error in command", and you can carry on working. In C apps, one bad pointer and you're blown out of the water, with all of your editing lost. This is particularly bad in systems that use plugins where the amount of QA is variable. A lot of what motivated the tight memory model was me having wasted too much of my life tracking down weird exotic memory smashes, and vowing to never have to waste time on stuff like that again. (Fri Oct 14 19:37:15 PDT 2005)
    posted on October 14, 2005 10:55:12 pm

  • Java Urban Performance Legends
    There's a great thread on Slashdot titled Java Urban Performance Legends. It's mostly thrashing out urban performance legends in garbage collection, but you can find them all over the place. Modern Java VMs really are quite fast, often beating C and C++ in all sorts of benchmarks. Another common urban performance legend is that "Java must be slow because there's no way to turn off subscript checking": this one is completely false because all modern JVMs have optimizers that do a great job of eliminating subscript checking. There was a funny incident at a recent developer event where some folks had a booth where they where demo-ing a high end industrial strength C compiler and had a benchmark that they had transliterated into Java. They were comparing their compiler to GCC and Java. GCC was running at about 2/3 the performance of this high end compiler; the Java version was running at about 2/3 the performance of the GCC version. Folks were gathered around the booth and someone noticed that the script they were using to run the Java version didn't have optimisation turned on. A few seconds with vi to add the "-server" switch and Java's performance jumped up to match the fancy C compiler. This got the pro-GCC crowd all excited, so a bunch of them started fiddling with its command line switches. They got a bit of improvement, but not much (the original selection had been pretty good). The one place where Java does have a legitimate remaining performance issue is startup time. But these days it's down small enough to where anything that runs more than a few seconds has a hard time noticing it. Most startup time in modern Java apps goes to the app itself, not the VM. (Sun Oct 09 14:02:59 PDT 2005)
    posted on October 09, 2005 05:25:41 pm

  • (Sun Oct 09 14:02:57 PDT 2005)
    posted on October 09, 2005 05:25:21 pm

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  • Only solve the problems you need to solve
    Back when I was a grad student I was spinning out of control trying to come up with a thesis topic. My advisor took me out to lunch one day and asked me a simple question: "What is a PhD thesis?" I yattered on for a while and he listened patiently. Eventually he said "No: It's just a stack of 100 pages with 4 signatures on top". I was falling into a common grad student trap of feeling that I needed to do something grandiose and solve all of the worlds problems. He was into "keep it simple". So I did, and I came up with a pretty straightforward thesis proposal. The odd thing was that when I finally finished my thesis, I realized that I had only delt with one sentence out of the simplified proposal. I got a lot of email about my previous post, a lot of it centered on JINI, RMI and CORBA. Not too many months ago, during the hypon flux storm [by analogy with bogon flux] surrounding SOA and Web Services it was worth one's life to mention that folks had been successfully implementing SOAs for years. That has calmed down significantly. JINI is particularly interesting since it goes significantly beyond what's possible with today's SOA - but it only works in a Java-only universe. The folks who developed RMI/JINI had previously worked on CORBA. A big chunk of the complexity of CORBA comes from trying to solve the cross-language problem. They discovered that if you don't try to solve that problem, some very cool things emerge. The poster child for building SOAs on JINI is Orbitz. There are some interesting discussions here and here. In response to the comment about OO and granularity: they really are orthogonal axes. OO methodologies work well regardless of granularity. But granularity is related to the question of whether or not an operation can sensibly involve a network transit: it only works well when granularity is high. This is a direct corollary of the Eight Fallicies of Distributed Computing. (Tue Oct 04 10:11:11 PDT 2005)
    posted on October 05, 2005 12:05:35 am

    «details»
  • SOA: Buzzworld Whiplash or Real Meat?
    For some odd reason, long lost in the fuzzy recesses of my memory, I agreed to give a talk last week at Oracle OpenWorld on SOA. It's a topic that I'm not an expert on. There are lots of people around who know far more about it than I do. A lot of my unease about giving the talk was that I was very confused about what SOA is, and that ended up being what I spent most of my hour onstage talking about. There are a lot of corporations, analysts, consultants, experts, "experts" and pundits saying a lot of things about SOA, without a lot of consistancy about the meaning of the term. When you expand the acronym to "Service Oriented Architecture" you get a pretty good, but broad, picture. The Wikipedia definition is one of the better ones out there. In most descriptions, SOA has become a broad cellectiom of techniques that go far beyond just architecting systems as services. The topic feels a lot like that quote from Through the Looking Glass: 'When I use a word,' Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, 'it means just what I choose it to mean--neither more nor less.''The question is,' said Alice, 'whether you CAN make words mean so many different things.''The question is,' said Humpty Dumpty, 'which is to be master... that's all.' There is a collection articles that insist that SOA is not OOP (or OOP-ITL [Object Oriented Programming In The Large]). They draw weird distinctions that mostly demonstrate how little they understand of OOP. A common misunderstanding is the belief that everything that can be done to an object must be a method on the object - for example that "play" must be a method on a "MusicCD" object, tying the service to the object. In this example, the right way to have done it is to represent the CD player as an object distinct from the CD itself, which would be played with a statement like "player.play(cd)". OOP is a modeling tool, how you choose to model a situation is a matter of taste, the situation at hand, and engineering judgement. Then there's the camp that defines SOA as just being the same as OOP. I rather like this because it meshes well with the phrase "Service Oriented Architecture", which is the way that I tend to think of most good OOP designs. Using the previous example, rather than having verbs like "play" be methods on the CD object it's usually better to try to restrict methods to things that are intrinsic to the object. One could argue in this world that perhaps SOA could be thought of as a subset of OOP, since there are many other architectures that can be modeled within OOP. One of the concepts here that is often not made clear in these discussions is the distinction between a server and a service. A server is an implementation artifact: usually a machine. A service is an abstract concept that may be implemented by some number of servers (perhaps zero, perhaps many). The mapping between services and servers should be dynamic, depending on factors like load and quality of service - implemeted in things like the N1 Service Provisioning System. The last bit of confusion for me is that in most discussions, SOA is about more than just architecting around services. The "S" in SOA should expand to "Scale", since so much of what is talked about is how to archtect these systems for large scales. Statelessness and idempotence are techniques that have been around for years (both appear, for example, in the design of NFS from 20 years ago) are usually considered key components of SOA architectures. In the end, there's a big bag of techniques that you may or may not want to use. Whether the collection you need fits someone's definition of SOA shouldn't matter - do what's appropriate. Statelessness and idempotence are tough and only really valuable at high levels of scale. Proper OO structuring is always a good idea. (Mon Sep 26 10:58:42 PDT 2005)
    posted on September 30, 2005 03:14:02 pm

    «details»
  • JavaChina
    We've been holding a big Java event in China for the past couple of days, following NetBeans day on Monday. JavaChina is roughly similar to JavaOne. We had about 8000 addendees who've been through two days of intense training sessions. I've been doing so much talking to so many groups that my throat needs a retread. Really cool. There's a great developer community here in China. The low point was when I started my main talk in a 4000 seat room stuffed to the rafters, the slides that came up on the screen were totally wrong: they were the ones for a talk I gave last week in St Petersburg. The big photo of a Russian Orthodox cathedral on the first slide was a big surprise. 10 minutes of vamping later, the stage crew finally got it sorted out [Thanks Bob!]. *blush* (Wed Sep 14 03:44:11 PDT 2005)
    posted on September 14, 2005 07:00:34 am

    «details»
  • Netbeans in Beijing
    We just finished a special one-day event in Beijing focused on Netbeans, part of the world tour. We had a series of in-depth talks on a broad range of issues in Netbeans. The fellow who was supposed to be the moderator and first speaker had flight troubles (thunderstorms at Narita) that delayed him by a day so I ended up doing double duty: his parts and mine. It was a very good crowd. I also did a 2 hour chat session with developers all over China that was run by CSDN. (Sat Sep 10 03:11:36 PDT 2005)
    posted on September 12, 2005 10:45:41 am

    «details»
  • Back at work again
    Having taken a chunk of time off in August to hang out with family (including one very active 90-year-old aunt's birthday party) I'm back at work. This week I've been visiting customers and participating in developer events. I spent Monday in Zurich visiting developers. The rest of the week I've spent in St Petersburg (not Florida). We did a big developer event on Thursday and ended up with hugely more folks attending than we had expected. We had people sitting in the aisles in the theatre. Besides having cornered the world market in over-the-top palaces, St Petersburg has a large population of talented software developers. Sun has an engineering center here where we do a lot of work on JavaSE and JavaME and C/C++/Fortran(!) optimizing compilers. Next week: JavaChina (Fri Sep 09 21:33:25 PDT 2005)
    posted on September 10, 2005 12:57:14 am

    «details»
  • (Fri Sep 09 21:33:23 PDT 2005)
    posted on September 10, 2005 12:57:04 am

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  • Transcendental Two [updated]
    There's a piece of historical baggage in the definition of sin/cos that is much older than just "whatever the 8087 chip happened to do": why are the sin and cos functions defined based on parameters that are periodic in a transcendental number? Having the period be 2*pi is based on decades (centuries!) of mathematical standard practice. This whole problem with sin and cos would go away if only the period had a nice clean representation in floating point. For example, either degrees or turns (1 turn == 360 degrees) would be great. In particular, if the parameter to sin/cos were turns then argument reduction would be easy: just throw away the integer bits. Then you could do a table lookup based on extracting mantissa bits. What is especially ironic is that if you grep through piles of source code you'll find a huge number of calls that look roughly like sin(angle*(2*Math.PI/360)). This has a necessarily slightly inaccurate value of pi, which is likely to be exactly the same value as the one in the 8087's sin/cos implementation - the two errors come pretty close to canceling since the argument is divided by the value of pi used in the implementation of sin/cos. Update: Yes, I understand that there are lots of deep, important mathematical reasons that sin & cos are defined in terms of 2*pi. The point I was trying to make is that if you peel open the covers of an implementation of sin/cos, 2*pi is a very difficult period to cope with. At the same time, if you look at software that uses sin/cos, you'll find that a huge fraction of them use something other than 2*pi (degrees are real common), and convert when invoking sin/cos. (Mon Aug 01 09:11:44 PDT 2005)
    posted on August 01, 2005 12:38:50 pm

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  • Transcendental Meditation
    I got into a conversation with some folks who've been moving a large sophisticated image processing application to Java. They've been getting great performance numbers, much to the surprise of the C crowd in their shop. With one exception: code that invokes sin() and cos() heavily is somewhat slower. They asked me why this was happening. I had a pretty good idea, but I checked with Joe Darcy, our local Floating Point God, and he had this to say: For many years, the JDK on x86 platforms has used the hardware fsin/fcos x87 instructions in the range [-pi/4, pi/4], a range which encompasses about half of all representable floating-point values. Therefore, in that range the performance of the JDK's transcendental functions should be nearly the same as the performance of the transcendental functions in C, C++, etc. that are using those same fsin/fcos instructions. Benchmarks which focus on testing the trig performance of large values, such as almabench, present a skewed portrait of Java's trigonometric performance. The next question is why don't we just use fsin/fcos over the entire floating-point range? The simple answer is that fsin/fcos can deliver answers that are arbitrarily wrong for the most straightforward way of measuring error in the result. Every finite real number, no matter how large, has a well-defined value for sin/cos. Ideally, the floating-point result returned for sin/cos would be the representable floating-point number closest to the mathematically defined result for the floating-point input. A floating-point library having this property is called correctly rounded, which is equivalent to saying the library has an error bound less than or equal to 1/2 an ulp (unit in the last place). For sin/cos, writing a correctly rounding implementation that runs at a reasonable speed is still something of a research problem so in practice platforms often use a library with a 1 ulp error bound instead, which means either of the floating-point numbers adjacent to the true result can be returned. This is the implementation criteria the Java Math library has to meet. The implementation challenge is that sin/cos are implemented using argument reduction whereby any input is mapped into a corresponding input in the [-pi/4, pi/4] range. Since the period of sin/cos is pi and pi is transcendental, this amounts to having to compute a remainder from the division by a transcendental number, which is non-obvious. A few years after the x87 was designed, people figured out how to do this division as if by an exact value of pi. Instead the x87 fsin/fcos use a particular approximation to pi, which effectively means the period of the function is changed, which can lead to large errors outside [-pi/4, pi/4]. For example the value of sine for the floating-point number Math.PI is around 1.2246467991473532E-16 while the computed value from fsin is 1.2246063538223773E-16 In other words, instead of getting the full 15-17 digit accuracy of double, the returned result is only correct to about 5 decimal digits. In terms of ulps, the error is about 1.64e11 ulps, over *ten billion* ulps. With some effort, I'm confident I could find results with the wrong sign, etc. There is a rationale which can justify this behavior; however, it was much more compelling before the argument reduction problem was solved. This error has tragically become un-fixable because of the compatibility requirements from one generation to the next. The fix for this problem was figured out quite a long time ago. In the excellent paper The K5 transcendental functions by T. Lynch, A. Ahmed, M. Schulte, T. Callaway, and R. Tisdale a technique is described for doing argument reduction as if you had an infinitely precise value for pi. As far as I know, the K5 is the only x86 family CPU that did sin/cos accurately. AMD went back to being bit-for-bit compatibile with the old x87 behavior, assumably because too many applications broke. Oddly enough, this is fixed in Itanium. What we do in the JVM on x86 is moderately obvious: we range check the argument, and if it's outside the range [-pi/4, pi/4]we do the precise range reduction by hand, and then call fsin. So Java is accurate, but slower. I've never been a fan of "fast, but wrong" when "wrong" is roughly random(). Benchmarks rarely test accuracy. "double sin(double theta) { return 0; }" would be a great benchmark-compatible implementation of sin(). For large values of theta, 0 would be arguably more accurate since the absolute error is never greater than 1. fsin/fcos can have absolute errors as large as 2 (correct answer=1; returned result=-1). This is one of those area where no matter what we do, we're screwed. (Wed Jul 27 10:41:59 PDT 2005)
    posted on July 27, 2005 07:44:11 pm

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  • Happily Subversive?
    I've been spending the last few days helping figure out what we (Sun) should do about version control for all of our source files. We've been using a system called TeamWare that we developed in-house years ago. It's the father-of-BitKeeper. It's solid as a rock and scales well, but no one has worked on it for years and it's beginning to show its age (in particular, it has no web-based distributed development: it's based around NFS). So I've been going through the alternatives. BitKeeper is "problematic" (mostly: incompatible with working with open source organizations). CVS has a huge raft of technical problems. We've thought about open-sourcing TeamWare, but there would be a lot of engineering effort required to bring it into the modern world and run on many different platforms. SubVersion+svk is looking interesting, but it's hard to tell how well it works under fire at scale. I'd love to hear from folks who have used SubVersion (with or without svk) for multi-million-line code bases with thousands of versions. (Thu Jul 21 12:22:25 PDT 2005)
    posted on July 25, 2005 01:36:56 pm

    «details»
  • Moore's Law meets Pricing
    There's a great article in the Economist this month about the current mess that's happening in software pricing. Moore's law's predictions about the number of transistors on a chip look like they'll continue to hold for quite a while, but we're quickly losing the ability to translate that into clock rate. This is driving every chip manufacturer to create multicore systems. Probably the most extreme is Sun's Niagra, with (effectively) 32 CPUs. Software vendors like Oracle havn't been cranking up their prices while Moore's law has been expressed in the clock rate, but now that it's being expressed in CPU cores, their pricing is set to track Moore's law (IT managers: panic now). It seems to me that this whole flap can be fixed by a bit of spin doctoring, weasel wording, marketing: there's no such thing as a multicore chip — they're single CPUs that do a great job of supporting multithreading. (wink) (Fri Jul 15 09:04:15 PDT 2005)
    posted on July 15, 2005 01:02:19 pm

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  • Leonardo thought of it first...
    I was reading through the enormous (and enormously wonderful) Leonardo Da Vinci: The Complete Paintings and Drawings by Frank Zollar and Johannes Nathan. There is a large section on fascinating catapult-like devices that would make great ideas for the t-shirt hurling contest. In particular, the rotary device in this picture bears a certain resemblance to the gizmo that the Australians put together. There's nothing in the picture that looks like a credible release mechanism. It would be awfully hard to aim. I doubt that it was ever actually built. Maybe the Australians can go back in time and give Leonardo some solinoids? There was also this interesting variation on the trebuchet. Rather than having the counterweight mounted pendulum-like on the end of the arm, it is dangling from a wheel. The interesting effect this has is that the force accellerating the rotation of the arm does not diminish as the arm approaches vertical. Could be a fascinating tweak to explore. [ a note about the movie: I copied the drawing from The Complete Paintings and Drawings, Photoshoped it into layers, built a little model using Lightwave ] (Tue Jul 12 16:45:38 PDT 2005)
    posted on July 12, 2005 08:03:52 pm

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  • T Shirt Contest Trivia
    I made up some cheesy certificates to give to the winners of the TSHC contest. I was trying to come up with a catchy slogan to put at the top of the certificate, but everything I could think of was boring. But it occurred to me that boring stuff sounds cool if it's in Latin. But I don't know Latin, so I asked Guy Steele (who knows Latin) if he could come up with anything. Here's his reply: Yeah, I studied Latin for six years. The principal difficulty is that the right word for "hurler" is "jaculator", which is uncomfortably close to English "ejaculator" (which, of course, is etymologically no coincidence). Also, if your winner is a female, it ought to be "jaculatrix", which is a legitimate Latin word for "female hurler" or "spearwoman", but thanks to the one-time co-opting of Latin for sexual euphemism, I fear that "jaculatrix" will be misinterpreted by most moderns as some sort of transgendered dominatrix or something. How about something like "athleta tunicis fortissimus", which translates as "strongest winner of a prize with tunics"? (I figured "tunic" is about as close as we can hope to get to "T-shirt".) The word "athleta" meant "winner of a prize", which has evolved into the modern "athlete". Or, for real flavor, ATHLETA TVNICIS FORTISSIMVS in nice, classic, chiseled Roman lettering. (By the way, "athleta", a borrowing from Greek, is considered to be a masculine noun in Latin, despite the "-a" ending, so the "-us" ending on "fortissimus" really does match it properly. The "-is" on "tunicis" indicates the ablative case.) (Fri Jul 01 15:49:26 PDT 2005)
    posted on July 01, 2005 07:20:38 pm

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